The Effect of Irrigation and Land Cultivation on the Content of Biomicroelements in Grape Organs and Soil Quality in Northern Part of Fergana Valley (Central Asia, Uzbekistan)

Irrigated Calcisols in the Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan) have recently been intensively used for the cultivation of vineyards with various varieties of grapes. The biogeochemistry of a number of chemical elements and their translocation from soil to plants was investigated. The behavior of trace elements was evaluated by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The soil content of Mn, Mo, Zn and Cu was regulated by the duration and intensity of irrigation. The maximum concentrations of microelements were in leaves and the minimum were in the fruits of grapes. Integral indicators of the accumulation of trace elements in the “soil–plant” system revealed a limiting of the flow of trace elements into the generative organs and low bioavailability of trace elements for the crop. Irrigated light Calcisols in the study area have a different duration of prescription for irrigation; arable horizons of recently irrigated soils have a lesser humus horizon than short irrigated soils and long irrigated soils. The duration and intensity of irrigation have a decisive effect on the morphology and biogeochemistry of Calcisols and on the behavior of biomicroelements in the soil–grape system. Viticulture in the Fergana Valley is experiencing water scarcity risks; thus, continued monitoring of how soil and vineyards respond to water availability levels is needed. The grapes grown on irrigated soils have effective physiological mechanisms that limit the accumulation of trace elements in the food part.