Ultra-Cost-Effective Compatible Separator Derived from Waste Masks for Prominent Stable Near-Neutral and Alkaline Zinc Batteries

Aqueous zinc-based batteries (AZBs) demonstrate significant promise for future large-scale energy storage due to their low cost, high safety, environmental friendliness. However, challenges remain, particularly concerning the zinc metal anode, where zinc dendrite growth and interfacial side reactions lead to poor reversibility and short lifespan. Herein, we develop a mask-modified composite membrane (MMCM) fabricated primarily from inexpensive disposable masks: nonwoven fabrics (NWFs) and melt-blown cloth (MBC). Based on their porosity and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties, these materials are further processed using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and polyacrylamide polymer. The resulting composite separator exhibits exceptional water retention capability and robust resistance to corrosion. It is worth noting that the AgNPs located near the zinc anode side effectively homogenize the Zn2+ ion flux across the anode surface, which suppresses interfacial side reactions and promotes uniform and reversible zinc plating/stripping. Consequently, the MMCM separator significantly extends the lifespan of the zinc metal anode in both near-neutral and alkaline electrolytes. Furthermore, assembled full cells utilizing this separator in both environments demonstrate superior rate capability and remarkable long-term cycling stability. This work presents a cost-effective, high-performance separator solution derived from waste masks, offering a promising approach to enhance the practicality and sustainability of AZBs across diverse electrolyte systems.