How to build a conceptual framework: an early-career researcher's doctoral research experience

Purpose The purpose of this article is to elaborate on the process to be undertaken in building a conceptual framework by drawing insights derived from an early-career researcher's doctoral research experience. Design/methodology/approach Building on the scholarly literature and the researcher's own experience, this article adopts a descriptive approach to explore the components and process of developing the conceptual framework in qualitative research. Findings This article posits that a typical conceptual framework, which reflects the non-linear, emergent and evolving nature of the process, is derived based on the concepts drawn from the literature, theoretical lens/es and the researcher's implicit theories. Practical implications The practical implications for novice researchers, including doctoral scholars, are that this article provides a step-by-step guide on building a conceptual framework systematically, while resolving dilemmas which arise during the process, thereby providing practical, actionable guidance to researchers to navigate uncharted territory. Originality/value Even though a conceptual framework is an integral component of qualitative research, as it clarifies the study's purpose, identifies key constructs and guides the research process from inception to execution, novice researchers are often confronted with a range of dilemmas when developing the conceptual framework. This article contributes to the methodological literature by identifying the constitutive elements of a conceptual framework and the process to be undertaken in building the framework.