Evaluate the Frequency of Lumbar Disc Herniation Through Magnetic Resonance Imaging, a Study Based on Specific Age Groups and Analyze Associated Symptoms

Background: This study aims to evaluate the frequency of lumbar disc herniation in different age groups using MRI findings and to analyze the common clinical symptoms presented by affected individuals. The goal is to establish a clearer link between age-related disc pathology and patient-reported symptoms, thereby aiding in better clinical decision-making and patient education. Introduction: This research explores that lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is one of the most common causes of chronic low back pain (LBP) and sciatica,as well as the basis of spinal disorders. The main imaging technique and diagnostic tool for evaluating disc herniation is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Data collection for this research was conducted at Modern Diagnostic Center and Capital Development Hospital Islamabad. The collected data pertained to eligible patients, meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The dataset comprised demographic details, medical history, and clinical information, integral for the comprehensive execution amd evaluation of our society. Results: In our study of 105 patients, 50 were female and 55 were male. We found 86 cases of lumbar disc herniation in which 39 had disc bulge, 31 had disc protrusion, and 16 had disc extrusion. Additionally, experiencing backache, radiating leg pain and numbness as well. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research has identified that lumbar disc herniation primarily affects the L4–L5 and L5–S1 levels and seems to be most common in middle-aged people, with a slightly higher incidence in men. Acute low back pain, leg pain, and numbness are typical symptoms that closely match imaging results. These trends demonstrate the degenerative character of disc disease and the value of MRI in early identification and focused treatment.