Investigating the Relationship Between Maternal and Pediatric Dental Caries and Periodontal Health

Maternal oral health is crucial for pediatric outcomes.Hormonal changes during pregnancy can worsen pre-existing periodontal issues and heighten the risk of caries.Studies indicate that pregnant women with periodontal disease are more likely to experience complications such as preterm birth and low birth IntroductIonDental caries and periodontal disease represent significant public health challenges globally, affecting individual well-being and healthcare systems across various age groups.The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes oral diseases as a major concern due to their prevalence and potential complications.Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay, is a multifactorial disease characterized by the demineralization of tooth structure due to the action of acid-producing bacteria.It is a prevalent chronic disease affecting both children and adults.In children, untreated dental caries can lead to pain, infection, and difficulty in eating and speaking, significantly impacting their quality of life and overall health. 1 Untreated dental caries in permanent teeth is the most prevalent health condition globally, impacting nearly 3.5 billion people.Periodontal disease, on the contrary, refers to the inflammatory conditions affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, including gums and bone. 2 It ranges from gingivitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the gums, to more severe forms like periodontitis, which can lead to tooth loss.Both conditions have overlapping risk factors, such as inadequate oral hygiene, diet, and socioeconomic status, and are frequently worsened by underlying systemic health issues.3 The WHO European Region reported the highest prevalence of major oral diseases, including periodontal disease, with 50.1% of adults affected.