Micronutrient Deficiency Among Africans With Heart Failure: Associations and Implications- A Systematic Review

Heart Failure (HF) is a major public health concern in Africa, with high rates of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies exacerbating disease progression and outcomes. This review investigates the association between micronutrient deficiencies and heart failure (HF) among Africans, highlighting clinical implications, outcomes, and the potential benefits of nutrient supplementation. A systematic search of databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, AJOL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library) for studies on micronutrient deficiency and HF in Africa was conducted. Inclusion criteria were Original studies in Africa, focusing on micronutrient deficiency and HF. Six studies met criteria: two interventional, four cross-sectional, mostly from Nigeria and South Africa. Availability of few studies, moderate risk of bias, small sample sizes, and a lack of meta-analysis limit the conclusiveness. Most research focuses on iron; other micronutrients are understudied. Addressing micronutrient deficiencies is crucial for holistic HF management in Africa. More region-specific research and randomized trials are needed, especially on micronutrients beyond iron. Tailored interventions (dietary, supplementation, fortification) could improve outcomes and reduce HF mortality. The review concluded that micronutrient deficiencies, especially iron and selenium, are common and clinically significant in African HF patients. They worsen disease severity and quality of life, but supplementation—particularly iron—can improve outcomes. There is a need for more comprehensive, region-specific research and interventions to address these deficiencies and optimize HF management in Africa.