elevations). Conversely, M26 exhibited a degradative lipid response marked by rapid declines in structural phosphatidylcholines, plasmalogen-type glycerophospholipids, and phenolic defenses, alongside pro-apoptotic ceramide induction. Intersectional network analysis highlighted a potential synchronized acropetal mobilization of cryoprotectants across the graft union exclusively in B9; however, this proposed vascular-mediated systemic priming mechanism necessitates functional validation. Multi-omic integration via DIABLO revealed that B9 resilience is mechanistically anchored in the co-activation of lipid metabolism and the TCA cycle, driven by linoleic acid metabolism and branched-chain amino acid catabolism. These findings suggest that genotype-specific membrane remodeling competency and cryoprotectant-antioxidant flux, rather than differential stress perception alone, play a critical role in modulating rootstock-mediated frost resilience in apple.
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Jahed et al. (2026) studied this question.
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