Smart fire alarm textiles with excellent flame retardancy can significantly mitigate fire losses. Nanomaterials like graphene oxide and MXene are commonly used to fabricate fire alarm textiles, but their high costs and low production efficiency have hindered the large-scale application. In this study, fully bio-based chitosan/gelatin/phytic acid (CS/GEL/PA) coating with excellent flame retardancy was prepared on cotton fabrics using the coating method for a smart fire alarm system. The CS/GEL/PA-coated cotton fabrics were treated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to enhance their hydrophobicity for improving practical application. The CS/GEL/PA-coated cotton fabrics demonstrated outstanding flame-retardant performance, with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 34.0 ± 0.6% and a char length of 10.0 ± 0.2 cm. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) were reduced by 45.81 and 50.85%, respectively. The CS/GEL/PA-coated fabric exhibited a rapid fire response, activating the alarm within 5.7 s. Furthermore, it maintained a continuous alarm signal for over 600 s, confirming its excellent sustained warning capability. The CS/GEL/PA-coated cotton fabrics also exhibited excellent water repellency with water contact angles (WCA) greater than 140° and an anti-fouling performance. This study presents a novel, bio-based coating method to create smart fire-alarm textiles with excellent flame retardancy, as well as sensitive and sustained alarm responses.
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Fang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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