Utilization of Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with Biological Molecules as a Therapeutic and Diagnostic Platform in Nanomedicine: A Review

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), with the feature of unique and diverse physicochemical properties, recently gained widespread attention in the field of nanomedicine. Conjugation with biological ligands such as antibodies and aptamers can enhance their targeting specificity, expanding the application scenarios of therapeutic and diagnostic systems. This article aims to summarize and understand research trends in the field of nanoparticles, especially in nanomedicine. Sorts out four existing challenges and outlines three major future development directions. This type of conjugated system is a highly promising multifunctional platform that can improve the level of disease diagnosis and treatment. It still requires optimization of its safety, reproducibility, and regulatory compliance to successfully advance its clinical translation.