Strategies to outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN): to balance the urban development and human health

Light has played a pivotal role in shaping human evolutionary trajectories, and it continues to exert profound effects on human health in contemporary societies. Especially, with the advent of artificial light at night (ALAN), the global application of lighting increased diversely, covering indoor and outdoor building lighting, traffic/street lighting, commercial advertising, electronic entertainment and many other fields. ALAN has become one of the most critical global change phenomena may affect human health through both direct and indirect pathways.