Characterization of Early Microbial Colonization at the Dental Implant-Abutment Interface

This study aimed to characterize the early microbial composition at the implant-abutment interface and examine the role of clinical parameters in microbial colonization. We collected healing abutments from 30 subjects 4-6 months after implant placement. Implant platforms were sampled using a sterile cotton swab. Clinical parameters included implant site, implant system, gingival collar height, tissue health, time the healing abutment had been in place, periodontal diagnosis (current and past), and smoking history. We characterized microbial genera and species sampled from the healing abutment and implant platform using DNA extraction, PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, Illumina library preparation and sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis. 36 healing abutment samples were collected (Straumann, n=20; AstraTech n=10; Nobel n=3; and Zimmer n=3). Of the 36 healing abutments, 32 exhibited no signs of mucositis and were considered healthy. We detected a significant difference in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus between Straumann and Astra implants. Lautropia abundance was significantly lower in never smokers than in current or former smokers. Potential alterations of the physicochemical properties of healing abutments from different implant systems may result in differences in microbial composition. Within the limitations of this pilot study, early microbial colonization appeared to be influenced more by patient- and implant specific characteristics than implant-abutment platform design. Larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of platform configuration on microbial colonization and peri-implant health