O quadro teórico da filosofia transcendental em Kant: da filosofia teórica à filosofia prática

This article aims to conduct an analysis of the theoretical framework of Kantian philosophy. From this investigation, it seeks to support the hypothesis that the architectonic of Kantian philosophy, from theoretical philosophy to practical philosophy, is structured around the concept of the subject, understood as subjectus — that is, as that which is posited as the foundation of knowledge. In transcendental philosophy, however, the subject is not understood as an empirical subject or as a producer of objects, but as a transcendental instance in which the conditions of possibility of knowledge and action are articulated. In this sense, the unity between Kant's theoretical and practical philosophy can be understood through reason as the instance of investigation of these conditions, whose articulation finds in freedom a decisive point of passage from theoretical reason to practical reason. Throughout the study, Kant's conceptual framework will be presented, highlighting the articulation between these two dimensions of knowledge. Initially, the analysis departs from transcendental philosophy and the cognitive activity of the subject in the production of knowledge; subsequently, the concept of transcendental freedom is examined as the fundamental principle of practical philosophy. From these two approaches, it becomes possible to understand the architectonic of Kantian philosophy. The methodology adopted was based on a bibliographic review of Kant's works, as well as critical studies on the subject. To this end, recourse was made to the two major strands of Kantian philosophy — the theoretical and the practical — which provided support for a deeper examination of the object under investigation.