Method for Express Diagnostics of Exhaust Smoke Opacity of Fire Trucks for Ensuring Environmental and Operational Safety During Large-Scale Port Fire Suppression

The study is devoted to the development and substantiation of a method for operational non-disassembly diagnostics of diesel fire trucks based on exhaust smoke opacity in the free acceleration mode to ensure their combat readiness and environmental safety during large-scale fire suppression at port infrastructure facilities. The relevance of the study is due to the trend of creating object-based fire departments in port territories and the need to involve significant forces from urban garrisons in extinguishing port fires, the technical condition of which requires operational assessment. The methodology is based on the use of an automated device for changing the diesel speed mode, ensuring stabilization of the free acceleration cycle and reproducibility of smoke opacity measurements. As a result, reference ranges of smoke opacity for technically sound fire trucks were established, a mathematical diagnostic model linking exhaust smoke opacity with total mileage and actual engine power was developed. A method for forming an ecological reserve of technically sound vehicles for priority involvement in extinguishing port fires is proposed. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a diagnostic method adapted for inter-garrison interaction conditions during port fire suppression. The practical significance consists in creating tools for operational monitoring of the technical condition of fire trucks, timely detection of pre-emergency conditions, and minimizing environmental damage from emissions of faulty equipment.