Circular Economy Practices: A Systematic Review With a Textometric Analysis

Circular economy (CE) practices aim to extend the lifespan of materials and products while reducing waste and dependence on virgin resources. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), following PRISMA guidelines, to identify CE practices adopted by public and private entities between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2024 and to assess their outcomes. From 782 retrieved articles, 164 were selected for textometric and thematic analysis, revealing four principal classes: analytical methods, organizational capabilities and performance, circular practices, and waste management and material recovery. The review shows that circularity has been advanced through regulatory frameworks, standards, and green procurement in the public sector, while private organizations relied on dynamic capabilities, collaboration, and technological adoption to enhance CE performance. Key policy drivers include Extended Producer Responsibility, the EU Circular Economy Action Plans, and the 2024 Right to Repair Directive. Evidence also highlights the growing relevance of emotional durability and affective design in extending product lifespan, provided these elements are compatible with principles of technical circularity.