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Abstrak: Perbankan syariah diharapkan mendukung ekosistem industri halal Indonesia dengan menyalurkan dana ke kegiatan produktif, tetapi bukti mengenai kontribusinya terhadap pertumbuhan regional masih beragam. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pembiayaan Bank Umum Syariah dan Unit Usaha Syariah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di 33 provinsi di Indonesia selama 2021–2025 (165 observasi), menggunakan data Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Model common effect, fixed effect, dan random effect diestimasi dan dibandingkan dengan uji Chow, Hausman, dan Lagrange Multiplier, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji diagnostik dan uji ketahanan hasil. Total pembiayaan tumbuh sekitar 12 persen per tahun, tetapi tetap sangat terkonsentrasi, dengan DKI Jakarta menguasai lebih dari sepertiga total. Hasil uji memilih model fixed effect, dengan koefisien log pembiayaan yang positif (β = 1,454; p = 0,038). Namun, pengaruh tersebut tidak signifikan dengan standard error cluster-robust (p = 0,073) dan hilang setelah efek tahun ditambahkan untuk mengendalikan pemulihan pascapandemi yang dialami bersama (β = −0,579; p = 0,261), yang menurut uji Pesaran bersifat kuat. Pembiayaan dengan lag dan pertumbuhan pembiayaan juga tidak menunjukkan pengaruh positif. Dengan demikian, hipotesis adanya pengaruh positif dan signifikan tidak didukung dalam periode yang singkat. Bank syariah perlu mengalihkan pembiayaan ke sektor produktif dan wilayah di luar Jawa untuk memperkuat kontribusinya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional. Kata Kunci: data panel; ekosistem industri halal; Indonesia; pembiayaan bank syariah; pertumbuhan ekonomi. Abstract: Islamic banking is expected to support Indonesia’s halal industry ecosystem by channeling funds into productive activities; however, evidence regarding its contribution to regional growth remains mixed. This study analyzes the impact of financing provided by Islamic Commercial Banks and Islamic Business Units on economic growth across 33 Indonesian provinces from 2021 to 2025 (165 observations), utilizing data from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Statistics Indonesia (BPS). Common effect, fixed effect, and random effect models were estimated and compared using the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests, followed by diagnostic and robustness checks. Total financing grew by approximately 12 percent annually but remained highly concentrated, with DKI Jakarta accounting for more than one-third of the total. The fixed-effect model was selected, yielding a positive coefficient for the log of financing (β = 1.454; p = 0.038). However, this effect was not statistically significant when using cluster-robust standard errors (p = 0.073) and disappeared entirely once year effects were included to control for the shared post-pandemic recovery (β = −0.579; p = 0.261)—a result confirmed as robust by the Pesaran test. Neither lagged financing nor financing growth showed a positive impact. Consequently, the hypothesis that Islamic banking exerts a positive and significant influence is not supported for this short period. Islamic banks need to shift their financing toward productive sectors and regions outside of Java to strengthen their contribution to regional economic growth.
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Syam et al. (2026) studied this question.
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