Adaptation and Validation of the Russian Version of the Questionnaire “Celiac Diet Adherence Test”

Relevance . A lifelong strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is the primary treatment for celiac disease. Monitoring dietary adherence presents a complex clinical challenge and requires the use of valid assessment tools. One effective psychodiagnostic tool that evaluates disease symptoms, self-efficacy, awareness, and patient behavior aimed at dietary adherence is the brief Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT), whose English and Spanish versions demonstrate high concurrent validity. Objective . To adapt and validate a Russian-language version of the Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) for use in clinical practice and scientific research in Russia. Methodology . The adaptation procedure included forward and back translation, expert review, and cognitive interviewing. Psychometric evaluation was conducted in a sample of 79 adult patients with verified celiac disease who had been following a GFD for at least one year. Internal structure (principal component analysis with varimax rotation) and concurrent validity were analyzed. The “Standardized Dietetic Evaluation” (SDE) questionnaire was used as the external criterion (“gold standard”). Results and analysis . The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.53, while Bartlett’s test of sphericity was statistically significant (p < 0.05), indicating that the data were suitable for factor analysis. Principal component analysis accounted for 77% of the total variance. The first component reflected consistency in maintaining a gluten-free diet; the second reflected neurological aspects of the disease course; the third represented patients’ psychological characteristics; and the fourth reflected the ability to adhere to the diet when eating outside the home. These components were consistent with the conceptual framework of the questionnaire. Overall, the pattern of associations among items within the components was comparable to that reported for versions of the questionnaire in other languages. Concurrent validity was supported by a moderate, statistically significant correlation between the total CDAT score and the SDA questionnaire score (r = 0.315; p = 0.04). Conclusion . The Russian-language version of the CDAT demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties. The identified factor structure was conceptually consistent with the questionnaire’s underlying framework and broadly comparable to findings concerning the internal consistency of versions in other languages. The correlation with the validated SDA instrument provides evidence of concurrent validity. The adapted questionnaire may be recommended as a screening tool for assessing adherence to a gluten-free diet in Russian-speaking patients with celiac disease.