Research on Fault Mechanism and Diagnosis Method of Automobile Abnormal Tire Wear

Tires are the only vehicle components in direct contact with the road surface.The contact state of the tire tread determines the vehicle dynamic characteristics, braking performance and driving stability.Different from uniform natural wear, abnormal tire wear is an external fault phenomenon induced by the coupling effects of tire inflation pressure, wheel alignment parameters, suspension-steering assemblies and wheel-edge dynamics.In practical maintenance, excessive reliance on wheel alignment calibration while ignoring the dynamic state of the chassis is common.Calibration alone often fails to eliminate dynamic abnormal wear and leads to repeated rework.Starting from tire contact mechanics, this paper categorizes typical wear morphologies including shoulder bias wear, feathered zigzag wear, cupped scallop wear and local patch wear.A hierarchical fault diagnosis framework is established following the workflow: wear feature identification, basic parameter verification, chassis clearance and deformation inspection, dynamic calibration and road test validation.A real-vehicle case is analyzed to interpret the diagnosis logic, and preventive maintenance strategies for the coupled suspension-tire system are proposed.This study can provide theoretical support and engineering reference for chassis fault diagnosis and vehicle chassis calibration.