Contemporary Approaches and Advances in Facial Nerve Reanimation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Facial nerve paralysis is a debilitating condition that significantly affects facial expression, function, and psychosocial well being.1,13 Advances in microsurgical techniques, neurobiology, and rehabilitation have transformed facial nerve reanimation into a highly specialized discipline.13, 14 This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the surgical anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, timing of intervention, and contemporary surgical techniques in facial reanimation. Early intervention allows for nerve repair and grafting, whereas long standing paralysis requires muscle transfer procedures.7, 9 Emerging strategies such as dual innervation, regenerative medicine, and bioengineered nerve conduits are expanding the therapeutic landscape.10, 14 A multidisciplinary, individu-alized approach remains essential for achieving optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes.1, 13