Postpartum fatigue: a concept analysis

Postpartum fatigue is a multidimensional condition commonly experienced by women during the early postpartum period. It has been associated with substantial physical, psychological and social impacts on women. This concept analysis aimed to clarify the concept of postpartum fatigue, distinguish it from related phenomena and develop a more precise definition to support operationalisation in research and clinical practice. Three defining core attributes were found: persistent subjective discomfort manifested as prolonged fatigue and energy depletion that is not alleviated by short-term rest; reduced physical activity capacity resulting in functional dependence for basic activities of daily living; and decreased mental capacity, particularly impaired attention, concentration and cognitive processing. The condition's antecedents span biological, psychological, social and environmental domains, including intrapartum blood loss, perineal pain, hormonal changes, sleep disruption, role transition, low social support and sociodemographic disadvantages. Its consequences include delayed physical recovery, impaired mobilisation and wound healing, disruption of the mother–infant bond and an increased risk of postpartum depression.