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October 26, 2026Open Forum Infectious DiseasesOpen Access

The Bi-directional Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Preexposure Prophylaxis in Transgender Individuals

Jill Blumenthal Ravi Goyal Anna K. Mischel Sara Gianella Leah Burke Michael P. Dubé Martin Hoenigl Karen Chow Jordan Silva David J. Moore Richard Haubrich Katya Corado Peter L. Anderson Robert Bolan Sheldon Morris

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Abstract

Transgender individuals both on and off GAHT had similar PrEP concentrations after 12 weeks of daily oral FTC/TDF PrEP use. Hormone concentrations were not statistically different with or without FTC/TDF PrEP use, and there were no changes in the perceived effect on GAHT in those taking PrEP.

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Cite This Study

Blumenthal et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ae190a8cdb9aa523b819bd2 https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofag628

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Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

1No observed bidirectional effect between tenofovir diphosphate concentrations and gender‐affirming hormone concentrations among transgender persons switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine to tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine for HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis2024 · 2 citations
2PrEP at the site of action in cisgender and transgender women: A pharmacology study of blood and rectal CD4 <sup>+</sup> lymphocytesOriginal Research · 2026
3Association Between Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy and Measures of Glucose Metabolism: A Longitudinal Study2024 · 4 citations
4Genital Microbiome, Inflammation, and Tenofovir Levels in Transgender Men and Cisgender Women Taking Oral PrEP2024 · 4 citations
5Impact of Gender-Affirming Hormonal Therapy on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Transgender Health2024 · 14 citations

More related papers

Same-day initiation of tenofovir alafenamide-based pre-exposure prophylaxis with drug-level feedback for transgender women in Uganda2026
Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and Risk of Hypertension in Transgender Adults: A Systematic Review2026
Gender-affirming hormonal therapy induces a gender-concordant fecal metagenome transition in transgender individuals2024

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