First nesting record and breeding observation of Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster (Aves: Suliformes: Anhingidae) in Assam, India

The Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster, a species listed as ‘Least Concern’ on the IUCN Red List, is a waterbird widely distributed across southern and southeastern Asia. Despite its presence in Assam, information on its breeding distribution in the state remains scarce. During a field observation in July 2025 at Bar Panora Village, Kamrup (Rural) District, Assam, India, an active nesting colony of the species was recorded. The colony consisted of nine active nests built in a Samanea saman tree 22 m in height, with nests located at around 19 m above the ground. A total of 18 adults and 33 juveniles/chicks were observed. Behavioral observations included feeding, preening, resting, regurgitation, begging calls, vigilance, and nest defense. The nesting colony was located near a wetland and indicated mixed-species colonial nesting with the Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans. The presence of active nests and juveniles suggests successful breeding and highlights the importance of wetland habitats and suitable nesting trees for the species. This record contributes to knowledge of the breeding ecology and distribution of the Oriental Darter in northeastern India and emphasizes the need for continued monitoring and conservation of wetland-associated nesting habitats.