Data storage with amino acid sequences

Amino acid sequences in peptides and proteins can be used to store data with the advantages of high capacity and stability, offering a solution for storing ever-increasing amounts of data. Compared with peptides, proteins have longer sequences and can be produced at a much lower cost, enabling more efficient data storage and allowing specific functions to be incorporated using established protein techniques. Although data storage using peptides and proteins has been demonstrated, challenges related to cost, throughput, error rates, data density, and scalability remain to be addressed. Emerging technologies to overcome these challenges are under active development, and their successful commercialization could drive a paradigm shift, enabling high-density and very long-term data storage.