Hybrid Beam-Switching and Scanning Millimeter-Wave Array With Planar Luneburg Lenses

This letter presents a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) hybrid array that combines H-plane beam switching with planar Luneburg-lens elements and E-plane beam scanning based on phased-array concepts. Each element is implemented on a single-layer PCB, monolithically integrating a modified planar Luneburg lens with a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) to substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feed, improving integration into mm-wave circuits. The array operates over 26–32 GHz and provides ±60° H-plane and ±30° E-plane coverage with low scan loss. Compared to traditional lenses and phased arrays, it offers broadband, high gain, wide-angle coverage, and a simpler architecture, achieving an excellent performance–cost/power tradeoff while supporting deployment, maintenance, and mass production for future 6G communication systems.