Therapeutic Potential of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting 5–15% of women globally, often accompanied by metabolic, hormonal, and psychological comorbidities. Conventional pharmacological treatments, while effective, have limitations, particularly for women seeking pregnancy, necessitating alternative approaches. This review evaluates the therapeutic potential of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and its bioactive compounds in managing PCOS, focusing on hormonal regulation, metabolic improvements, and clinical outcomes. Licorice contains diverse phytochemicals, including glycyrrhizin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin, known for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-androgenic properties. Preclinical studies have shown licorice's efficacy in reducing ovarian cysts and enhancing reproductive outcomes. Clinical trials demonstrate that licorice supplementation, when combined with dietary and lifestyle interventions, significantly improves hormonal profiles, insulin sensitivity, lipid parameters, and body composition. Additionally, its mineralocorticoid activity may reduce adverse effects associated with other pharmacological treatments like spironolactone. Despite its promise, the efficacy of licorice in PCOS is primarily supported by combination therapies or animal studies, with limited research on its standalone effects. Variability in extraction methods, preparation techniques, and geographical origins further complicates its clinical standardization. Future research should prioritize rigorous clinical trials to establish licorice's standalone safety and efficacy, identify optimal dosages, and standardize extraction protocols. Licorice represents a compelling natural therapy for PCOS, offering a holistic alternative that complements existing treatments. With further validation, it could play a critical role in improving health outcomes and quality of life for women with PCOS.