Overview of GLP-1RA Medications

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that is naturally produced in the body that regulates blood glucose and appetite. The first GLP-1RA that was FDA approved, exenatide, in 2005, originated from the Gila monster and beaded lizard, via the discovery of the exendin-4 peptide. GLP-1RAs function by mimicking endogenous GLP-1 incretin hormone, leading to an increase in glucose-dependent insulin release from beta-cells of the pancreas, decrease in glucagon release, delayed gastric emptying, and satiety. Due to the benefits seen from initiating GLP-1RAs in the market, it sparked interest in numerous studies which proved that certain GLP-1RAs can provide cardiorenal protection. The indications for GLP-1RA use have also expanded beyond diabetes and weight management. The clinical evidence that supports the use of GLP-1RAs is typically applicable to the outpatient setting, with very limited information on its use within the inpatient setting.