Key result
Active smoking affects ~39% of ACS patients admitted to the ICU.
Why the study?
Smoking is a frequent modifiable risk factor in ACS, but the distribution of smoking status across ACS subtypes may vary by population and clinical setting.
Cross-Sectional (n=57)
No
Active smoking was documented in 38.6% of ACS patients admitted to an ICU in Surabaya, predominantly among those with UAP and NSTEMI, highlighting the need for routine smoking status documentation and cessation support.
Smoking remains common in ACS ICU admissions; observational data extends epidemiology but leaves causal and prognostic questions open.
Smoking is an important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor and is frequently observed among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the distribution of smoking status across ACS subtypes may vary according to population and clinical setting. Objective: This study aimed to describe smoking status among patients with ACS admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and to describe its distribution across ACS subtypes. Methods: A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 57 patients diagnosed with ACS and admitted to the ICU of RSI Jemursari, Surabaya, from January 2023 to December 2024. Smoking status was classified as active smoker or non-smoker based on the patient's status at admission. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages, including cross-tabulation of smoking status according to ACS subtype. Results: Of the 57 patients, 22 (38.6%) were active smokers and 35 (61.4%) were non-smokers. The most common ACS subtype was unstable angina pectoris (UAP), accounting for 35 patients (61.4%), followed by non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in 18 patients (31.6%) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 4 patients (7.0%). Active smoking was documented in 14 (40.0%) patients with UAP and 8 (44.4%) patients with NSTEMI, whereas none of the patients with STEMI were active smokers. Conclusion: Active smoking was documented in 38.6% of ACS patients admitted to the ICU and was observed primarily among patients with UAP and NSTEMI. Given the descriptive design and the small number of STEMI cases, these findings should not be interpreted as evidence of an association between smoking status and ACS subtype. Nevertheless, documenting smoking status and providing smoking cessation support remain important components of comprehensive cardiovascular care.
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Riza et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Acute Coronary Syndrome (n=57). Active smoking vs. Non-smoker was evaluated on Prevalence of active smoking at ICU admission among ACS patients. Active smoking was documented in 38.6% of acute coronary syndrome patients admitted to the intensive care unit, occurring in 40.0% of unstable angina and 44.4% of NSTEMI cases.
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