Familial Support and Physical Activity Levels among Hypertensive Patients at Primary Healthcare in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Familial support was strongly and positively associated with higher physical activity levels among hypertensive patients (Gamma r=0.806, p=0.001).

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Hypertension (n=113). Intervention: Familial support (poor, fair, or good) vs. Poor familial support. Primary outcome: Physical activity level (low, moderate, or high via International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ]) (Gamma r=0.806, p=0.001).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Higher familial support is strongly and positively associated with increased physical activity levels among hypertensive patients in primary care. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.CONFIRMATORY. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Nurul Khusnul Khotimah; Andi Fahri Syam; Maria Ulfah Ashar

doi:10.53770/medica.v8i9.972

September 30, 2026MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)Open Access

Familial Support and Physical Activity Levels among Hypertensive Patients at Primary Healthcare in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Key result

Strong familial support is linked to higher physical activity levels in hypertensive patients.

Gamma r=0.806
P=0.001
n=113

Why the study?

Regular physical activity is a cornerstone of hypertension management in Indonesia, but patient engagement is often influenced by external factors such as family support, motivating an investigation of their relationship in primary healthcare.

Does higher familial support improve physical activity levels in patients with hypertension attending primary healthcare in Indonesia?

Key Points

To investigate the relationship between familial support and physical activity levels among hypertensive patients attending a primary healthcare center.
Quantitative cross-sectional study conducted at the Kassi-Kassi Public Health Center in Indonesia.
Purposive sampling enrolled N=113 hypertensive patients, assessing family support and physical activity levels using structured questionnaires.
Associations were analyzed using the gamma test with a significance threshold set at p<0.05.
Familial support was rated as fair by 69.9% (n=79), good by 15.9% (n=18), and poor by 14.2% (n=16) of patients, while physical activity was moderate in 59.3% (n=67), low in 23.9% (n=27), and high in 16.8% (n=19).
Gamma correlation analysis demonstrated a strong and statistically significant positive correlation between familial support and physical activity levels (Gamma coefficient = 0.806, p=0.001).

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=113)

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

Does higher familial support improve physical activity levels in patients with hypertension attending primary healthcare in Indonesia?

P

Population

113 patients aged 40-65 years (71.7% female) with hypertension living in a nuclear family without mobility-limiting comorbidities, evaluated at a primary healthcare center in Indonesia.

E

Exposure

Familial support (encompassing emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal dimensions), assessed via a structured validated questionnaire and categorized as Poor, Fair, or Good.

O

Outcome

Physical activity levels (categorized into low, moderate, and high based on total MET-minutes/week over the previous 7 days), measured using the 7-item Indonesian version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).patient reported

Main Result

Effect estimate: Gamma r=0.806

p-value: p=0.001

Limitations

Single-center study at one public health center, limiting generalizability
Cross-sectional design precludes causal inference
Bivariate correlation analysis only without multivariate adjustment for confounders (e.g., age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, neighborhood environment)
Self-reported questionnaires for physical activity and family support are subject to recall and social desirability biases
Conducted at a single public health center with a specific demographic profile, limiting generalizability
Cross-sectional design only establishes a snapshot correlation and cannot definitively determine causality or prediction
Statistical analysis relied entirely on bivariate correlations without advanced multivariate modeling to isolate confounding factors (such as age, sex, occupation, education, or hypertension duration)
Other potential confounding variables (access to exercise facilities, environmental conditions, dietary habits, socioeconomic status) were not extensively controlled
Physical activity was measured using self-reported questionnaires, which is susceptible to recall bias and social desirability bias

Implication

Strong familial support is significantly associated with higher physical activity levels among hypertensive patients in an Indonesian primary care setting, highlighting the value of integrating family-centered approaches into hypertension lifestyle management.

Abstract

Hypertension remains a significant non-communicable disease in Indonesia, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates. Regular physical activity is a cornerstone of hypertension management, however patient engagement is often influenced by external factors, most notably the role of family support. This study aims to investigate the relationship between familial support and physical activity levels among hypertensive patients in a primary healthcare setting. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at the Kassi-Kassi Public Health Center. A total of 113 hypertensive patients were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected via structured questionnaires measuring family support and physical activity levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the gamma test with a significance threshold of p<0.05. The findings indicate that patients who received high levels of family support were more likely to engage in better physical activity. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between familial support and physical activity levels (p=0.001). The Gamma coefficient of 0.806 indicates a strong and statistically significant positive correlation. Familial support is strongly associated with increased physical activity among hypertensive individuals. These results suggest that family-based interventions should be integrated into promotive and preventive programs within primary healthcare facilities to enhance hypertension management.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Khotimah et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=113). Familial support (poor, fair, or good) vs. Poor familial support was evaluated on Physical activity level (low, moderate, or high via International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ]) (Gamma r=0.806, p=0.001). Familial support was strongly and positively associated with higher physical activity levels among hypertensive patients (Gamma r=0.806, p=0.001).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ae28e0ecbadf70daf6c4077 https://doi.org/10.53770/medica.v8i9.972

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Familial Support and Physical Activity Levels among Hypertensive Patients at Primary Healthcare in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Familial Support and Physical Activity Levels among Hypertensive Patients at Primary Healthcare in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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