A comparative study on heart rate variability among the different exercise groups of geriatric population

Ageing is associated with progressive decline in autonomic nervous system function, which is reflected through the reduction of heart rate variability (HRV). Regular physical activity and yoga have been shown to influence autonomic regulation and cardiovascular adaptability. But limited comparative evidence exists among yoga-practising, physically active, and sedentary geriatric populations regarding HRV. Aim of the Study is to compare heart rate variability (HRV) and autonomic regulation among yoga, active, and sedentary groups. Setting and Design A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among the different habituated physically active geriatric males. Methods Thirty geriatric males aged 65-77 years were purposively selected and divided into three groups: Yoga, Active, and Sedentary, 10 participants in each group. HRV parameters, including Mean RR interval, Mean Heart Rate, SDNN, RMSSD, Stress Index, SD1, SD2, and LF/HF ratio, were measured with Polar H10 and Kubios HRV Scientific software under resting conditions. Statistics used Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and because several variables were non-normally distributed, the Kruskal–Wallis test was applied, followed by the Dwass–Steel–Critchlow–Fligner (DSCF) post-hoc analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results Significant differences were observed for SDNN (p = .046), RMSSD (p = .034), SD1 (p = .038), and SD2 (p = .049) among the groups. The Yoga group showed comparatively higher HRV values, indicating better parasympathetic activity and autonomic adaptability. The Active group showed comparatively lower HRV indices and higher stress-related measures, whereas the Sedentary group demonstrated intermediate values. No significant differences were found for Mean RR interval, Mean Heart Rate, Stress Index, or LF/HF ratio. Post hoc analysis did not show significant differences between the Active and Sedentary groups. Conclusion The findings suggested that yoga-based practices are associated with more favourable autonomic cardiac regulation in older adults compared with those who were engaging only in physical activity. Exercise modality and recovery characteristics have emphasised to maintaining the autonomic balance and parasympathetic modulation in the elderly population.