Enterovirus infections: main types related to clinical syndromes

This narrative review highlights recent advances in the understanding of enterovirus infections and the main enterovirus types associated with clinical syndromes, synthesizing current knowledge of type-specific manifestations. We searched PubMed®, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Virtual Health Library (VHL) for articles published between 2010 and 2025. The search used descriptors and/or keywords in Portuguese and English: “enterovirus infection disease”, “enterovirus infection genotypes”, “enterovirus infection pathogenic”, and “enterovirus clinical syndromes”, focusing on recent studies addressing enterovirus infections and the types most commonly associated with clinical syndromes. A total of 78 articles were selected for analysis. The review examined the distribution of enteroviruses by species, recommended clinical specimen types for diagnosis according to clinical presentation, and the major enterovirus types and their associated clinical syndromes. Numerous studies have demonstrated the epidemic potential and genetic diversity of enteroviruses, revealing patterns of endemic circulation. However, the mechanisms underlying the ability of a wide variety of enterovirus types to infect the same tissue remain poorly understood.