= 4,950), an individual participant data meta-analysis, we found that, under typical levels of self-knowledge, narcissistic admiration is related to anchored self-enhancement of cognitive ability. Cumulatively, these findings reestablish narcissism as the prototypical self-enhancing trait while clarifying the cognitive conditions under which the distinct forms of self-enhancement are detectable. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
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Heine et al. (2026) studied this question.
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