Treatment and Prosthetic Rehabilitation Using Single and Multiple Implants in Atrophic Jaws in Cancer Patients

Oncological treatment in the head and neck region often requires extensive resective surgeries, resulting in severe bone and functional deficiencies in the jaws. Prosthetic rehabilitation with single and multiple implants in atrophic jaws emerges as a fundamental alternative for restoring mastication, phonation, and aesthetics in oncological patients. This study consists of a narrative literature review aimed at synthesizing contemporary surgical and prosthetic approaches in this scenario. Reconstruction with microvascularized free flaps (fibula and iliac crest – DCIA), combined with 3D virtual surgical planning, provides high precision in bone repositioning and implant anchorage. Radiotherapy acts as a critical factor in osseointegration, with higher success rates when implants are placed before radiotherapy or after prolonged latency intervals. Screw-retained fixed prostheses on machined abutments are the preferred choice because they reduce trauma to fragile mucosa. It is concluded that the predictability of rehabilitative treatment depends on multidisciplinary planning, combining surgical precision, rigorous biofilm control, and continuous histopathological monitoring of peri-implant tissues.