Navigating the Stability Crisis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Cathodes in CO 2 Atmosphere: Poisoning Mechanisms, Material Design, and Surface‐Interface Engineering

The carbonatation poisoning of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) cathode materials in CO 2 ‐containing atmospheres, which leads to a sharp decline in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and performance degradation. This seriously limits their long‐term stability and practical application under medium‐ to low‐temperature conditions. Therefore, developing cathode materials that possess both high ORR activity and excellent CO 2 tolerance has become a current research focus. Although existing reviews have surveyed CO 2 poisoning phenomena in SOFC cathodes, a critical knowledge gap remains regarding the systematic correlation between degradation mechanisms and rational cathode modification strategies. This paper reviews the poisoning mechanisms of SOFC cathodes in a CO 2 environment, including the formation of carbonates on the cathode surface, the reduction in oxygen reduction reaction efficiency, and the deterioration of performance and stability. It also focuses on summarizing recent material design and modification strategies aimed at improving cathode performance and CO 2 tolerance, and compares the effectiveness of various strategies in enhancing cathode CO 2 resistance. Through a systematic review of recent related research, this paper aims to provide a clear theoretical framework and design ideas for developing CO 2 ‐tolerant cathodes with high activity and stability, in order to promote the practical application of SOFC in carbon‐containing environments.