Sanitary Surveillance and Control of Salmonella Foodborne Infection in the Production Chain

Foodborne infections represent a persistent challenge to public health and the global agricultural and livestock sector, particularly diseases caused by the genus Salmonella. This study analyzes the factors that determine the spread, persistence, and risk profile of this pathogen throughout the food production chain, with an emphasis on poultry farming and processing stages. The presence of serovars of high clinical relevance (Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Infantis, and Panama) harbored in mixed populations on poultry farms, as well as the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains and those producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), underscore the need for advanced methodologies for genomic surveillance and risk assessment. Furthermore, outbreaks associated with unconventional food sources and failures in hygiene and temperature control at food establishments underscore that deficiencies in inspection and sanitation increase the regional incidence of gastroenteritis. It is concluded that the strategic role of veterinarians in pre-slaughter biosecurity measures, industrial health control, and epidemiological monitoring under the One Health concept is indispensable for containing the spread of pathogens and ensuring food safety.