The role of cell cycle-associated protein 1 (CAPRIN1) in diseases

Cell cycle associated protein 1 (CAPRIN1) is a widely expressed protein that is essential for many physiological and pathological processes. This review summarizes its structural features as well as regulation and functions and examines its role in tumors, viral infections, and neurological disorders. CAPRIN1 modulates cellular stress by regulating the dynamic assembly and disassembly of stress granules via liquid–liquid phase separation. The expression and function of CAPRIN1 are regulated at multiple regulatory layers, including transcriptional control, post-transcriptional regulation, RNA modification, and post-translational modifications. These findings discussed herein highlight the potential of CAPRIN1 as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of tumors, viral infections, and neurological diseases.