Recent Advances in Electrochemical and Simulation-Based Methods for Understanding Interfacial Charge Storage Mechanisms in Supercapacitor Materials: Analysis and Perspectives

The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources requires efficient energy storage technologies to prevent losses. Supercapacitors are key devices for these applications due to their high power density and rapid electrostatic storage capabilities. This review summarizes recent advances in electrochemical and simulation-based methods used to study charge storage at the electrode/electrolyte interface. We examine ion transport kinetics, species identification, and the solvation and desolvation dynamics that govern the electrochemical process. Finally, we provide a critical assessment of current analytical methodologies and outline future perspectives, emphasizing that the synergy between computational methods and experimental techniques will drive the development of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced performance.