More than 12% of reproductive-age women in the United States seek infertility services each year. Infertility is commonly defined as failure to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. Common gynecologic causes of female infertility include endometriosis; diminished ovarian reserve; ovulatory dysfunction and anovulation; and other cervical, uterine, or tubal factors. Advances in medicine and assisted reproductive technology have expanded treatment options for women and couples experiencing infertility. This article provides an updated review of female infertility to support PAs in delivering informed patient counseling on treatment options, recognizing potential complications, and facilitating timely and appropriate referrals.
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Huzarska et al. (2026) studied this question.
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