Human Rights, Shelter, and Care for People Experiencing Homelessness and Substance Dependence During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in São Paulo

This study analyzed governmental and nongovernmental shelter, care, and treatment arrangements for people experiencing homelessness and substance dependence in São Paulo during the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular attention to a Brazilian nonprofit nongovernmental organization providing residential and social support. A descriptive documentary approach was combined with a single-case study based on legislation, official sources, institutional communications, and aggregated administrative records covering the period from 2014 to 2022. The analysis considered the number of people sheltered, preventive measures, and COVID-19-related outcomes. Between 2020 and 2022, the institution sheltered an average of 35.7 people per year, representing a 29.7% increase compared with 2014–2019, with a peak of 52 people in 2021. One COVID-19 case with a fatal outcome was recorded, with no internal transmission observed. By documenting institutional dynamics in the atypical context of the pandemic, the study also suggests that community-based residential initiatives coordinated with public services may complement governmental responses and support access to housing, healthcare, social reintegration, and the protection of dignity. Multicenter and longitudinal studies may further clarify the outcomes of such initiatives over time and across different institutional contexts.