The Activities of Jadid Reformers Abroad: Ibrat, Fitrat, Avloni, and Behbudiy

This thesis explores the international activities of prominent Jadid reformers Is’haqkhan Ibrat, Abdurauf Fitrat, Abdulla Avloni, and Mahmudkhoja Behbudiy, who contributed to the modernization of education, culture, and society in Central Asia during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Their connections with foreign countries and exposure to new intellectual movements played an important role in shaping their reformist ideas. Ibrat promoted foreign language learning and modern education, while Fitrat engaged with new cultural and intellectual ideas during his studies abroad. Avloni supported educational modernization, moral development, and the dissemination of knowledge. Behbudiy promoted enlightenment through journalism, theatre, and educational reform. Their activities reflected the influence of international intellectual exchange on the Jadid movement. Although their experiences differed, all four reformers believed that education and knowledge were essential for social progress. Their legacy remains significant in understanding the development of modern Uzbek education, literature, and national consciousness.