Health Human Resources Training and Development: A Literature Review of the Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Health Worker Training Programs in Hospitals

Healthcare human resource (HR) training is an important component of maintaining service quality and patient safety amid digitalization and increasingly stringent hospital accreditation standards. This article reviews the design, implementation, and evaluation of health worker training programs in hospitals. A narrative literature review was conducted using one major reference book on HR Training and Development and journal articles published in 2024–2026. Relevant literature was identified through Google Scholar using keywords related to health worker training and human resource development in hospitals. Articles were included if they discussed health worker training and development in hospital settings, particularly training needs assessment, program design, implementation, or evaluation. Articles unrelated to health worker training or hospital settings were excluded. A total of 10 journal articles were included and analyzed. The literature was synthesized narratively by comparing findings across training needs identification, curriculum design, implementation, and evaluation using the Kirkpatrick model. The findings indicate that training outcomes are supported by the alignment of data-driven Training Needs Analysis (TNA), competency-oriented program design, and post-training support through preceptorship and mentoring. However, training evaluation commonly focuses on self-assessment and learning outcomes, while economic evaluations and evidence of effects on clinical outcomes remain limited. In Indonesian hospitals, training is also often oriented toward fulfilling accreditation requirements rather than improving substantive competence. Hospitals therefore need regular TNA based on clinical performance, appropriate use of simulation and blended learning, stronger post-training mentoring, and broader evaluation of workplace behavior, patient safety, and organizational outcomes.