Advances and Frontier Perspectives in Molecular Subtyping and Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Treatment of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide.Its inherent biological heterogeneity dictates that relying solely on anatomical staging can no longer satisfy the requirements of modern clinical practice.In recent years, breakthroughs in molecular biology technologies and the deepening integration of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach have driven a paradigm shift in the clinical pathways of breast cancer, transitioning from "maximum tolerated treatment" to "molecular subtype-driven precision medicine".This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics and risk intervention strategies for breast cancer, detailing the evolution of the integrated imaging and pathological diagnostic system.Regarding locoregional interventions, the article discusses the concept of "de-escalation" in surgery and radiotherapy.In the realm of systemic therapy, it highlights the latest evidence-based advances encompassing CDK4/6 inhibitors, neoadjuvant treatment modalities, PARP inhibitors, and novel antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).Finally, this review explores the translational clinical prospects of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted decision-making, aiming to provide a reference for the standardized wholecourse management of breast cancer.