Effect of anodization voltage and heat treatment on the surface crystallinity and hydrophilicity of the Ti-6Al-4V

The formation of superhydrophilic surfaces on Ti-6Al-4V was achieved through anodization at different voltages, followed by heat treatment at 1000℃ for 2 h. This treatment not only enhanced surface crystallinity but also induced morphological changes. A comprehensive analysis of surface properties, including morphology, phase composition, elemental structure, surface roughness, and hydrophilicity, was conducted using OM, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, AFM, 3D laser scanning confocal microscope, and contact angle measurements, respectively. The TiO2 anodized films exhibited enhanced crystallinity, increased surface roughness, and a higher oxygen-to-titanium ratio. As a result, the TiO2 anodized films showed consistent morphology and distribution of elements, with high temperature annealing leading to a transformation from amorphous to crystalline structures, accompanied by elevated surface roughness, and augmented hydrophilicity.