Cloud-based smart energy systems: solutions for hybrid and virtual power plants

This paper is devoted to the analysis of modern approaches to the use of cloud technologies in hybrid and virtual power plants, including the assessment of their functional capabilities, advantages, and limitations, as well as practical examples of implementing such solutions in different countries. Decarbonization and the transition to sustainable energy are becoming increasingly common strategies, with hybrid and virtual power plants emerging as key solutions integrating renewable energy sources, storage systems, and intelligent control technologies. However, the efficient operation of such systems requires a high degree of automation, real-time big data processing, and adaptive management. The paper highlights the advantages of cloud computing, such as centralized access to computing resources, flexible scalability, data storage, and the integration of artificial intelligence. By leveraging cloud platforms, energy companies can forecast generation and consumption, perform real-time load balancing, and efficiently manage distributed energy resources regardless of location. The study also describes relevant technologies, including both general-purpose infrastructure cloud services (such as AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud) and specialized solutions designed specifically for the needs of energy systems (such as Siemens DEOP, AutoGrid Flex, Next Kraftwerke VPP, and Piclo Flex).