Comparative effectiveness of methods of treating cows with postparot metritis

The loss of reproductive capacity of cows after calving is a pressing problem in dairy farms and causes them significant economic losses, consisting of cows' wandering and loss of their productivity, both dairy and reproductive. The use of antimicrobial agents entails additional disruptions in the functioning of entire organ systems in cows, namely the gastrointestinal, immune and antioxidant. Therefore, the aim of the work was to compare the methods of using antibiotics in the form of powder and nanoparticles and the use of probiotics in the form of a feed additive. For this purpose, 3 experimental groups were formed, 25 cows in each. When dividing cows into groups, the principle of analogues by breed (Holstein cows participated in the experiment), age (cows were from 3 to 7 years old) and weight (from 450 to 480 kg of body weight) was followed. Animals of the first experimental group were administered intrauterine oxytetracycline in powder form, animals of the second experimental group were administered the same agent, but in the form of nanoparticles. These drugs were used in cows that had clinical signs of postpartum metritis. They were administered in the form of intrauterine infusion. Cows of the 3rd experimental group were administered Immunobacterin-D entero+ feed additive at a dose of 0.4 kg per 1 ton. Clinical, biochemical and statistical research methods were used to compare the effectiveness. It was found that the interval between estrus in cows of the 1st group was the longest and amounted to 18.30 ± 1.23 days, while after the use of the probiotic it was 11.97 ± 0.86 days. At the same time, the content of protein fractions in the blood serum of cows of the 1st experimental group was significantly higher than the similar indicators of the blood serum of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups. A decrease in inflammatory cytokines was detected on the 21st day of treatment in the blood serum of cows receiving Immunobacterin-D entero, namely IL-1 11.19 ± 2.97 pg/mL, IL-6 to 103.29 ± 6.98 pg/mL and TNF-α to 57.32 ± 7.61 pg/mL. The content of C-reactive protein in the 1st experimental group remained high (from 7.22 ± 0.66 to 8.68 ± 0.37 mg/L) throughout the experiment, while in cows of the 2nd group it decreased to 4.53 ± 0.09 mg/L, and in the third to 1.32 ± 0.10 mg/L. The effectiveness of the treatment is expressed in the insemination index, which decreased in cows of the 2nd group to 2.31, and in the third to 2.15 and did not significantly differ from the reference values, while in cows of the 1st experimental group it remained high (2.70). The fertilization index with the use of the probiotic increased to 79.59 %, and pregnancy was 78.13 %. The use of a probiotic in combination with prostaglandin F2a had a positive effect on the restoration of reproductive capacity in cows suffering from postpartum metritis.