Toward Intelligent and Climate-Resilient Coastal Aquaculture: A Systematic Review Integrating Ecosystem Health, Marine Biotechnology, One Health, Data-Driven Technologies, and the Blue Economy

Background Coastal aquaculture is increasingly exposed to climate change, water-quality deterioration, disease risk, and demands for sustainable production. Evidence on ecosystem condition, biological resilience, marine biotechnology, One Health, digital technologies, and the blue economy remains fragmented across disciplines. This review integrated these domains within a common resilience framework. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement, Scopus and PubMed were searched for English-language journal articles published from 2016 to 2 October 2026. Searches identified 5,439 records; 2,686 duplicates were removed, 2,753 unique records were screened, and 283 reports with verified full text were assessed. Twenty-two reports were excluded, leaving 261 studies for descriptive and thematic synthesis across six primary domains. Meta-analysis was not undertaken because of substantial heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes. Results The final synthesis comprised ecosystem, climate, and physical pressures (n = 25); biological, nutritional, molecular, and genetic resilience (n = 70); marine biotechnology and circular bioremediation (n = 32); One Health, biosecurity, and food safety (n = 53); data-driven and intelligent technologies (n = 50); and blue-economy, governance, and adoption (n = 31). Biological resilience, health protection, and intelligent monitoring were the largest evidence areas. Biotechnology supported nutrient removal and resource recovery, while governance, financing, markets, and capacity shaped implementation. Methodological appraisal classified 10.0% of studies as lower concern, 56.7% as some concern, and 33.3% as higher concern. Artificial light at night/light pollution emerged as a plausible but underexamined physical stressor rather than a separately searched exposure. Conclusions Climate-resilient coastal aquaculture is best treated as a coupled ecological, biological, health, technological, and socioeconomic system. Progress requires integrated environmental monitoring, resilient organisms, preventive health management, circular biotechnology, externally validated decision technologies, and enabling governance, with targeted research on nocturnal light environments.