Factors Affecting Doctors and Nurses Adoption of Surgical Robots in Thai Hospitals

Purpose: This study examines factors affecting doctors’ and nurses’ adoption and use of surgical robots in Thailand’s top 10 hospitals. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and the Almere model, it investigates perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude, perceived risk, social influence, facilitating conditions, intention to use, and use. Research design, data, and methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected from 500 doctors and nurses in Thai tertiary hospitals using a structured questionnaire and multi-stage sampling. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were applied to assess reliability, validity, model fit, and hypothesized relationships. Results: Perceived ease of use positively affected perceived usefulness (β = .639) and attitude (β = .350). Perceived usefulness influenced attitude (β = .543) and intention to use (β = .349). Attitude (β = .325), social influence (β = .192), and facilitating conditions (β = .282) positively affected intention, while perceived risk had a negative effect (β = −.330). Social influence (β = .336) and intention to use (β = .539) predicted use. All ten hypotheses were supported. Conclusions: The integrated model was empirically supported, showing that psychological, social, and organizational factors jointly shape surgical robot adoption in Thai hospitals.