Optimization of 99mTc proton-induced production by means of cross-section measurements of technetium radioisotopes from molybdenum targets

⁹⁹ᵐTc [t1/2=6.0072 h, IT: 99.9963%, E_$γ$=140.51 keV (89%)] is the most widely used radionuclide for SPECT imaging. It is mainly obtained from ⁹⁹Mo/⁹⁹ᵐTc generators, with ⁹⁹Mo [t1/2=65.924 h, β⁻:100%] produced by fission of ²³⁵U in nuclear reactors. The aging of reactors dedicated to ⁹⁹Mo production and increasingly frequent maintenance shutdowns highlight the need for alternative production routes. Among accelerator-based approaches, direct production of ⁹⁹ᵐTc from enriched ¹⁰⁰Mo targets using low-energy proton beams is particularly promising. Within a collaboration between the Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP) of the University of Bern and the Department of Nuclear and High Energy Physics of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, we investigated ⁹⁹ᵐTc production with medical cyclotrons. Cross sections of proton-induced reactions on solid molybdenum targets were measured to characterise the Tc radionuclides produced during irradiation and optimise production conditions. Based on these data, a proton energy of approximately 16 MeV and a highly enriched ¹⁰⁰Mo target of about 0.5 mm thickness were identified as suitable conditions. For a 10 h irradiation, these parameters provide a calculated ⁹⁹ᵐTc yield of approximately 1.7 GBq/$μ$A while maintaining radionuclidic purity within European Pharmacopoeia limits. Production tests were subsequently performed to validate the measurements and demonstrate the feasibility of this production route.