Polarization control in optical systems: a comparison of different types of polarization compensators

Many optical and laser-based systems rely on polarized light. To systematically exploit polarization properties, it is often necessary to compensate for unintended polarization changes introduced by optical components and coatings along the optical path. We compare different types of polarization compensators, including combinations of waveplates, a Berek compensator, a liquid crystal variable retarder, and a Soleil-Babinet compensator. In particular, we discuss the advantages and limitations of each type and describe practical methods for their use and alignment to compensate for polarization changes induced by optical elements with unknown polarization properties.