Gojek Indonesia's Social Entrepreneurship Model: Economic Inclusion, Partner Protection, and Hybrid Digital Platform Governance

Background: The digital economic transformation has given rise to platform-based businesses that combine commercial objectives with social value creation through employment opportunities and economic inclusion. Objective: To examine Gojek’s hybrid value creation, the relationship between inclusion and welfare risks, the role of governance in partner protection, and a model of sustainable empowerment. Methods: This qualitative case study draws on interviews with GoRide and GoCar drivers and central and DKI Jakarta transport officials. Thematic analysis relates participant accounts to regulations and recent literature. Deduction estimates remain self-reported. Results: Employment access and urban connectivity coexist with reported operating costs, income uncertainty, protection gaps, and information asymmetry. Driver aspirations to establish businesses inform a proposed Inclusion–Protection–Transformation pathway. The commission-policy discussion identifies governance considerations without demonstrating improved welfare. Conclusion: Gojek is interpreted as a commercial platform with hybrid social value creation, rather than formally classified as a social enterprise. The case-derived Sustainable Hybrid Platform Social Entrepreneurship Model connects inclusion, protection, transparency, collaborative governance, and prospective entrepreneurial mobility. Comparative and longitudinal validation is required.