Clinical Evaluation of Bovine Whole Blood Xenotransfusion in Anemic Goats

The study was carried out to assess the efficacy of bovine whole blood xenotransfusion in anemic goats. Goats brought to the Large Animal Clinics of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai, were screened for the signs of anaemia. Goats with severe anaemia were randomly divided into two groups with six animals each, and one group was administered goat whole blood (Allotransfusion) and the other group was administered bovine whole blood (Xenotransfusion), followed by standard therapy. Twelve cross matches were performed, and all the pairings had compatibility in major and minor cross matches. The goats were then monitored for adverse effects and the presence of bovine erythrocyte post-xenotransfusion. No reactions such as coughing, dyspnea, muscle tremors, salivation, tearing, fever, and ruminal bloating during and after blood transfusion were seen. Post-transfusion evaluation was done on days 1, 7, and 21. The haemato-biochemical evaluation revealed a highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) increase in haemoglobin, packed cell volume, and red blood cells in allotransfused goats compared to xenotransfused goats. This study aimed to detect clinical reactions, hematological and biochemical alterations after a blood transfusion from bovine to goat. In conclusion, allotransfusion was far better than xenotransfusion. However, temporary and transient changes observed in this study were safe and not life-threatening for the goats, and the bovine blood can be used in anemic goats during the non-availability of allodonors. Future work is necessary to refine this technique of xenotransfusion.