Kelagkaan Lahan Pangan di Indonesia: Menelaah Alih Fungsi dan Ketimpangan Penguasaan untuk Merumuskan Kebijakan yang Berkeadilan

Indonesia’s rice production increased in 2025, but this increase does not guarantee land base security or farmers’ access to it. This study aims to identify the patterns and causes of food land conversion, analyze inequality in agricultural land ownership, and formulate just food land policy directions. The novelty of this study lies in integrating land conversion, ownership inequality, and agrarian justice in the evaluation of food land policy. The study is a descriptive-analytical qualitative literature review using content analysis and agrarian-justice-framed thematic synthesis. The results show that 554,615 ha of rice fields were converted between 2019 and 2025, about 26% within Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B) zones, and only about 7,700 ha centrally permitted. The number of smallholder farming households rose from 14.25 million to 16.89 million, while incorporated agricultural companies grew by 35.54%. Reviewed sources suggest Presidential Regulation No. 4 of 2026 operates separately from agrarian policies criticized as investor-favoring. Analytically, just food land policy needs to combine land protection with guaranteed farmer access.